Research & Article

This paper focuses on the trade between Portuguese Macao and Siamese A yudhya. The topics covered are: first contacts with Siam and China; a tentative periodization; the structure of the trade between Macao and Siam; the role of other European traders in Ayudhya; the route used for shipping from Macao to Siam; the Portuguese trade system and the Chinese trade system; Chinese, Portuguese and Siamese taxes; and other notes on Siamese trade.