
{"id":17007,"date":"2025-02-19T15:17:13","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T08:17:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/?post_type=activity&#038;p=17007"},"modified":"2025-06-06T09:42:23","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T02:42:23","slug":"reinforced-modernity","status":"publish","type":"activity","link":"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/reinforced-modernity\/","title":{"rendered":"Reinforced Modernity: The Hennebique System of Reinforced Concrete in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Jurney-to-Southern-cover-E.jpg&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-june.jpg&#8221; background_size=&#8221;contain&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; min_height=&#8221;350px&#8221; max_height=&#8221;500px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; background__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|28px|auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||15px|||&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_blurb url=&#8221;\/lectures\/&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#x48;||divi||400&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;24px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; body_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;\/lectures\/&#8221; icon_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; body_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; body_text_color__hover=&#8221;rgba(29,39,49,0.7)&#8221;]Back to Lectures[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Pre-header message&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||15px||false|false&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;text-align: left;&#8221; text_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiY3VzdG9tX21ldGFfcHJlLWhlYWRlcl9tZXNzYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJlbmFibGVfaHRtbCI6Im9uIn19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Lecture Topic Heading&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;90%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||62px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; module_alignment_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;text-align: left;&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#dbd3d8&#8243; text_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMT4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDE+In19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||40px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The construction of the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (1907\u20131917) marked a pivotal moment in Siamese architecture with the early adoption of the Hennebique system of reinforced concrete. While this innovation introduced advanced structural techniques, it also imposed proprietary constraints that strictly controlled design and construction processes, curtailed the Siamese government\u2019s decision-making authority in contractor selection, and relegated Public Works Department (PWD) engineers to supervisory roles. These obligations sparked concerns among Siamese leadership about the loss of autonomy in modernization efforts.<\/p>\n<p>The project faced further challenges when the building\u2019s foundation began to sink, exposing the limitations of the Compressol pile system, another proprietary technology under Hennebique\u2019s control. In response, PWD engineer E.G. Gollo devised an innovative caisson foundation system, stabilizing the structure and ensuring its completion. Gollo\u2019s intervention not only rescued the project but also marked a turning point in reducing reliance on foreign systems like Hennebique. This shift demonstrated the emergence of local agency in Siam\u2019s modernization and signaled the eventual decline of the Hennebique system in the country.<\/p>\n<p>By examining this critical episode, this talk explores the interplay between architectural development, power dynamics, and technological adaptation in early 20th-century Siam. The research presented in this talk has been accepted for publication in the <em>Journal of the Siam Society (JSS)<\/em> and will be forthcoming in the June 2025 issue.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;About the speaker&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||10px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Pinai Sirikiatikul<\/strong> is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Architecture, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. He studied architecture at Silpakorn University and earned his PhD in Architectural History from University College London in 2012. Since returning to Thailand, Dr. Sirikiatikul has focused on the history of construction in Thailand, particularly from the late 18th to 20th centuries. His current research examines the early use of reinforced concrete in Thailand. He has also served on the editorial board of <em>NAJUA: History of Architecture and Thai Architecture<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#4e4e4d&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|40px|40px|40px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;|40px||40px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin-bottom: 50px;&#8221; border_width_top=&#8221;4px&#8221; border_color_top=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;When&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Thursday, 5 June 2025 at 19:00<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Where&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||10px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiY3VzdG9tX21ldGFfbGVjdHVyZV9sb2NhdGlvbiIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIiwiZW5hYmxlX2h0bWwiOiJvbiJ9fQ==@[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Admission&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||10px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiY3VzdG9tX21ldGFfYWRtaXNzaW9uIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJlbmFibGVfaHRtbCI6Im9uIn19@[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;For more information, please contact&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; module_class=&#8221;contact-on-dark&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||10px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; body_link_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; body_link_text_color__hover=&#8221;#81bbc3&#8243;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiY3VzdG9tX21ldGFfbGVjdHVyZV9lbnF1aXJ5X2NvbnRhY3QiLCJzZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJiZWZvcmUiOiIiLCJhZnRlciI6IiIsImVuYWJsZV9odG1sIjoib24ifX0=@[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||-27px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;More Upcoming Trips&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;23px||31px||false|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; 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type=\"text\/css\">.eg-portfolio-dark-container{background:rgba(29,39,49,0.8)}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.eg-portfolio-dark-content{background:#ffffff; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-color:transparent; border-style:none; text-align:left}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.esg-grid .mainul li.eg-portfolio-dark-wrapper{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.21); padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-color:transparent; border-style:none}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.esg-grid .mainul li.eg-portfolio-dark-wrapper .esg-media-poster{background-size:cover; background-position:center center; background-repeat:no-repeat}<\/style>\n<!-- THE ESSENTIAL GRID 3.1.2.2 POST -->\n\n<article class=\"myportfolio-container esg-grid-wrap-container minimal-light esg-entry-skin-portfolio-dark source_type_post\" id=\"Lecture_Upcoming\" data-alias=\"Lecture Upcoming\">\n\n   <div id=\"esg-grid-13-1\" class=\"esg-grid\" style=\"background: transparent;padding: 0px 0px 30pxpx 0px ; box-sizing:border-box; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; -webkit-box-sizing:border-box;\">\n<ul>\n<li id=\"eg-13-post-id-18260_7769\" data-skin=\"portfolio-dark\" class=\"filterall filter-lectures filter-upcoming eg-portfolio-dark-wrapper eg-post-id-18260\" data-date=\"1766223778\" data-cobblesw=\"1\" data-cobblesh=\"1\">\n    <div class=\"esg-media-cover-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"esg-entry-media esg-transition\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-bluramount=\"5\" data-transition=\"esg-fadeblur\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"esg-entry-media-img\"  src=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-grid\/public\/assets\/images\/300x200transparent.png\" data-lazythumb=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/between-eyes-and-ears-25x25.jpg\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-lazysrc=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/between-eyes-and-ears.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"445\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"esg-entry-cover\" data-clickable=\"on\">\n\n<a class=\"eg-invisiblebutton\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/between-eyes-and-ears\/\" target=\"_self\">Between Eyes and Ears: Tamil Crying Songs and an Experimental Visual Anthropology of Imagined Community in Malaysia<\/a>                <div class=\"esg-overlay esg-bottom esg-transition eg-portfolio-dark-container esg-cover-blend-multiply\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-18260 eg-portfolio-dark-nostyle-element-5\"><div class=\"eg-portfolio-dark-gradient-bar\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-absolute eg-post-18260 eg-portfolio-dark-element-10\">Lectures<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-absolute eg-post-18260 eg-portfolio-dark-element-6-a esg-transition\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><a class=\"eg-portfolio-dark-element-6 eg-post-18260\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/between-eyes-and-ears\/\" target=\"_self\">Find out more<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-18260 eg-portfolio-dark-element-3\">Thursday, 23 April 2026  at 19:00<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-18260 eg-portfolio-dark-element-1-a\"><a class=\"eg-portfolio-dark-element-1 eg-post-18260\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/between-eyes-and-ears\/\" target=\"_self\">Between Eyes and Ears: Tamil Crying Songs and an E...<\/a><\/div>\n           <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"eg-13-post-id-18279_4257\" data-skin=\"portfolio-dark\" class=\"filterall filter-lectures filter-upcoming eg-portfolio-dark-wrapper eg-post-id-18279\" data-date=\"1767090543\" data-cobblesw=\"1\" data-cobblesh=\"1\">\n    <div class=\"esg-media-cover-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"esg-entry-media esg-transition\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-bluramount=\"5\" data-transition=\"esg-fadeblur\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"esg-entry-media-img\"  src=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-grid\/public\/assets\/images\/300x200transparent.png\" data-lazythumb=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/lec-30-apr-25x25.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-lazysrc=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/lec-30-apr.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1524\" height=\"1132\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"esg-entry-cover\" data-clickable=\"on\">\n\n<a class=\"eg-invisiblebutton\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/infernal-visions\/\" target=\"_self\">Infernal Visions: Exploring the Lower Realms in Thai Cosmological Parks<\/a>                <div class=\"esg-overlay esg-bottom esg-transition eg-portfolio-dark-container esg-cover-blend-multiply\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-18279 eg-portfolio-dark-nostyle-element-5\"><div class=\"eg-portfolio-dark-gradient-bar\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-absolute eg-post-18279 eg-portfolio-dark-element-10\">Lectures<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-absolute eg-post-18279 eg-portfolio-dark-element-6-a esg-transition\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><a class=\"eg-portfolio-dark-element-6 eg-post-18279\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/infernal-visions\/\" target=\"_self\">Find out more<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-18279 eg-portfolio-dark-element-3\">Thursday, 30 April 2026 at 19:00<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-18279 eg-portfolio-dark-element-1-a\"><a class=\"eg-portfolio-dark-element-1 eg-post-18279\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/activity\/infernal-visions\/\" target=\"_self\">Infernal Visions: Exploring the Lower Realms in Th...<\/a><\/div>\n           <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<article class=\"esg-filters esg-singlefilters\" style=\"margin-top: 30px; text-align: left; \"><div class=\"esg-pagination  esg-fgc-13\" style=\"margin-left: 2.5px; margin-right: 2.5px;\"><\/div><\/article><div class=\"esg-clear-no-height\"><\/div>    <\/div>\n\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nfunction eggbfc(winw,resultoption) {\n  var lasttop = winw,\n  lastbottom = 0,\n  smallest =9999,\n  largest = 0,\n  samount = 0,\n  lamount = 0,\n  lastamount = 0,\n  resultid = 0,\n  resultidb = 0,\n  responsiveEntries = [\n            { width:1900,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:1400,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:1170,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:1024,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:960,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:778,amount:2,mmheight:0},\n            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