{"id":1542,"date":"2019-08-07T08:51:05","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T01:51:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/?post_type=smithsonian&#038;p=1542"},"modified":"2020-02-08T06:11:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-07T23:11:47","slug":"1a-roberts-treaty-1833","status":"publish","type":"smithsonian_en","link":"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1a-roberts-treaty-1833\/","title":{"rendered":"1a. Roberts Treaty, 1833"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Header Banner&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.7&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;title&#8221; title_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; content_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Royal Gifts from Thailand<\/h4>\n<h5>Smithsonian &#8211; Gallery 1<\/h5>\n<p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;About this trip  %91Do not edit%93&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][et_pb_slider _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#0b3c5d&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||19px|||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Flag of Siam&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-0-1.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hand-painted cotton, appliqu\u00e9d<\/li>\n<li>Gift of King Chulalongkorn, 1881<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Revisions Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E168493<\/li>\n<li>180.3 cm length x 270.45 cm width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Mat with yellow and burgundy plaid pattern&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1a-1.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Su\u2019a Toei<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pandanus leaf<\/li>\n<li>Gift of King Chulalongkorn, 1904<\/li>\n<li>Louisiana Purchase Exposition<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E235991<\/li>\n<li>160 cm length x 56 cm width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Betel Baskets&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1a-2.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Klong samrap sai mak<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of King Chulalongkorn, 1876<\/li>\n<li>Siam Exhibit, Centennial Exposition<\/li>\n<li>Gift of King Chulalongkorn, 1904<\/li>\n<li>Siam Exhibit, Louisiana Purchase Exposition<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E27197<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. nos: E234036, E234037<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Prayer Fan, Detail of Ivory&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1a-3.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Ta la pat<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of King Chulalongkorn, 1876<\/li>\n<li>Siam Exhibit, Centennial Exposition<\/li>\n<li>Ivory, silk, and gold threads<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E27267<\/li>\n<li>98 cm length x 40 cm width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>The Treaty of Amity and Commerce, 1833<\/h3>\n<p>The Smithsonian Institution\u2019s collection of Thai Royal Gifts to the Presidents and people of the United States are an important part of the diplomatic history of our two nations. Siam (now the Kingdom of Thailand) was the first Asian nation to sign a treaty with the United States.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1a-1.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1a-2.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Following soon after British envoy Henry Burney&#8217;s successful 1829 mission to Siam, American special agent Edmund Roberts, who had been sent to Bangkok by President Andrew Jackson, arrived in Siam in February 1833 aboard the frigate<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>USS Peacock<\/em>. His mission was to negotiate a treaty of friendship and commerce.<\/p>\n<p>The exchange of gifts of state was an important part of such missions, and Edmund Roberts prepared the American gifts carefully. Unfortunately, due to the delay of the ship carrying the gifts of the President, the<em><span>\u00a0<\/span>Peacock<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>was forced to leave port without the official gifts and he had to settle for giving the king inferior trade goods from China, while waiting for the official gifts. Roberts in turn received a gift on behalf of the US that was strange to him, a collection of riches from the rain forests of Thailand, a gift that he summarily dismissed in his journal.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, as a result of the Roberts mission, a long-lasting friendship was formally established between the two nations. H.M. King Nang Klao, Rama III (r.1824-1851) oversaw this treaty between the United States and Thailand, which became known as the \u201cRoberts Treaty\u201d or \u201cTreaty of Amity and Commerce\u201d of 1833. Unfortunately, because of a cultural misunderstanding, and because of the perishable nature of that royal gift (a collection of rare rainforest products), the Royal Gifts were not retained by the US government. Happily, history has left us with a list of those items.<\/p>\n<p>In his journal, Roberts wrote, \u201cYesterday and today a variety of presents was sent to the Envoy, from the Chao Phia Phra Klang (sic) [the Thai equivalent of foreign minister]. They consisted of elephant&#8217;s teeth (sic) [tusks], sugar (<em>nam tan<\/em>), sugar-candy, pepper, cardammus [<em>Amomum krervanh<\/em>, or<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Elettaria<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>sp.] (<em>krawan<\/em>) gambooge (sic) [<em>Garcinia hanburyi<\/em>] (<em>rong tong<\/em>), agila [<em>Aquilaria agallocha<\/em>] (<em>maykrisana<\/em>), sopan [sapanwood (<em>Caesalpinia sappan<\/em>) used for red and violet dye, but also used medicinally throughout Southeast Asia] wood (sic) [<em>Caealpinia sappan<\/em>] (<em>mayfang<\/em>), etc.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1b-4.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; module_id=&#8221;read-more&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|50px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px|false|true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: autoo;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Note: The original Royal Gifts accompanying the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, such as raw elephant ivory and plant products, have not survived in collections. Later gifts, such as these decorative pandanus mat,woven betel basket, and hand-worked elephant ivory (from a fan handle), are illustrated here.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=&#8221;off&#8221; prev_text=&#8221;Previous Gallery&#8221; next_text=&#8221;Next Gallery&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; title_text_color=&#8221;#42213d&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; disabled=&#8221;on&#8221; title_text_color__hover=&#8221;#c3aa81&#8243; title_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_nav][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Gallery 1<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;]<style type=\"text\/css\">a.eg-henryharrison-element-1,a.eg-henryharrison-element-2{-webkit-transition:all .4s linear; 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float:left !important; clear:none !important; margin:0px 0px 15px 20px !important; position:relative !important}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.eg-flickrstream-container{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.50)}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.eg-flickrstream-content{background:#222222; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-color:transparent; border-style:none; text-align:left}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.esg-grid .mainul li.eg-flickrstream-wrapper{background:#222222; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-color:transparent; border-style:none}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.esg-grid .mainul li.eg-flickrstream-wrapper .esg-media-poster{background-size:cover; background-position:center center; background-repeat:no-repeat}<\/style>\n<!-- THE ESSENTIAL GRID 3.1.2.2 POST -->\n\n<article class=\"myportfolio-container esg-grid-wrap-container minimal-light esg-entry-skin-flickrstream source_type_post\" id=\"royal_gifts_G1_EN\" data-alias=\"Royal Gifts G1 EN\">\n\n   <div id=\"esg-grid-5-1\" class=\"esg-grid\" style=\"background: transparent;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px ; box-sizing:border-box; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; -webkit-box-sizing:border-box;\">\n<ul>\n<li id=\"eg-5-post-id-1542_6082\" data-skin=\"flickrstream\" class=\"filterall filter-gallery-1 eg-flickrstream-wrapper eg-post-id-1542\" data-date=\"1565167865\" data-cobblesw=\"1\" data-cobblesh=\"1\">\n    <div class=\"esg-media-cover-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"esg-entry-media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"esg-entry-media-img\"  src=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-grid\/public\/assets\/images\/300x200transparent.png\" data-lazythumb=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1A-Featured-Image-25x25.jpg\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-lazysrc=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1A-Featured-Image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"esg-entry-cover\" data-clickable=\"on\">\n\n<a class=\"eg-invisiblebutton\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1a-roberts-treaty-1833\/\" target=\"_self\">1a. Roberts Treaty, 1833<\/a>                <div class=\"esg-overlay esg-transition eg-flickrstream-container\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-1542 eg-flickrstream-element-15-a\"><a class=\"eg-flickrstream-element-15 eg-post-1542\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1a-roberts-treaty-1833\/\" target=\"_self\">1a. Roberts Treaty, 1833<\/a><\/div>\n           <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"eg-5-post-id-1556_5021\" data-skin=\"flickrstream\" class=\"filterall filter-gallery-1 eg-flickrstream-wrapper eg-post-id-1556\" data-date=\"1565168480\" data-cobblesw=\"1\" data-cobblesh=\"1\">\n    <div class=\"esg-media-cover-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"esg-entry-media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"esg-entry-media-img\"  src=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-grid\/public\/assets\/images\/300x200transparent.png\" data-lazythumb=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1B-Featured-Image-25x25.jpg\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-lazysrc=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1B-Featured-Image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"esg-entry-cover\" data-clickable=\"on\">\n\n<a class=\"eg-invisiblebutton\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1b-harris-treaty-of-1856\/\" target=\"_self\">1b. Harris Treaty of 1856<\/a>                <div class=\"esg-overlay esg-transition eg-flickrstream-container\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-1556 eg-flickrstream-element-15-a\"><a class=\"eg-flickrstream-element-15 eg-post-1556\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1b-harris-treaty-of-1856\/\" target=\"_self\">1b. Harris Treaty of 1856<\/a><\/div>\n           <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"eg-5-post-id-1571_550\" data-skin=\"flickrstream\" class=\"filterall filter-gallery-1 eg-flickrstream-wrapper eg-post-id-1571\" data-date=\"1565173534\" data-cobblesw=\"1\" data-cobblesh=\"1\">\n    <div class=\"esg-media-cover-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"esg-entry-media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"esg-entry-media-img\"  src=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-grid\/public\/assets\/images\/300x200transparent.png\" data-lazythumb=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1C-Featured-Image-25x25.jpg\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-lazysrc=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1C-Featured-Image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"esg-entry-cover\" data-clickable=\"on\">\n\n<a class=\"eg-invisiblebutton\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1c-the-status-and-rank-of-the-president-of-the-united-states\/\" target=\"_self\">1c. The Status and Rank of the President of the United States<\/a>                <div class=\"esg-overlay esg-transition eg-flickrstream-container\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"default\" data-transition=\"esg-fade\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"esg-bottom eg-post-1571 eg-flickrstream-element-15-a\"><a class=\"eg-flickrstream-element-15 eg-post-1571\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1c-the-status-and-rank-of-the-president-of-the-united-states\/\" target=\"_self\">1c. The Status and Rank of the President of the United States<\/a><\/div>\n           <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<article class=\"esg-filters esg-singlefilters\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; \"><div class=\"esg-pagination  esg-fgc-5\" style=\"margin-left: 2.5px; margin-right: 2.5px;\"><\/div><\/article><div class=\"esg-clear-no-height\"><\/div>    <\/div>\n\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nfunction eggbfc(winw,resultoption) {\n  var lasttop = winw,\n  lastbottom = 0,\n  smallest =9999,\n  largest = 0,\n  samount = 0,\n  lamount = 0,\n  lastamount = 0,\n  resultid = 0,\n  resultidb = 0,\n  responsiveEntries = [\n            { width:1900,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:1400,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:1170,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:1024,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:960,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { width:778,amount:3,mmheight:0},\n            { 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