{"id":1571,"date":"2019-08-07T10:25:34","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T03:25:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/?post_type=smithsonian&#038;p=1571"},"modified":"2020-02-08T06:38:25","modified_gmt":"2020-02-07T23:38:25","slug":"1c-the-status-and-rank-of-the-president-of-the-united-states","status":"publish","type":"smithsonian_en","link":"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1c-the-status-and-rank-of-the-president-of-the-united-states\/","title":{"rendered":"1c. The Status and Rank of the President of the United States"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Header Banner&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.7&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;title&#8221; title_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; content_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Royal Gifts from Thailand<\/h4>\n<h5>Smithsonian &#8211; Gallery 1<\/h5>\n<p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;About this trip  %91Do not edit%93&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][et_pb_slider _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||19px|||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Thai Silk \u201cTwo pieces of Poom cloth of second quality\u201d&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-1.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Pha Pum Thai<\/em>\u00a0(Thai \u201csecond quality\u201d)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gifts of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Silk, natural dyes, weft mudmee (ikat)<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E83 b<\/li>\n<li>326 cm length x 94 cm width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Card addressed to President Franklin Pierce&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-2.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sent with gifts from King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts Paper<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E53<\/li>\n<li>21 cm length x10.4 cm width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Niello Betel Set&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-3.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of Phra Pin Klao, 1856<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSilverware plated with gold\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Betel Set<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Phan mak thom ta thong mi khruang nai<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of Phra Pin Klao, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Nielloware (silver, silver alloy, and gold)<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. nos: E57, E58, E59, E60, E61, E62<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;\u201cA Great Siamese Drum or Tom-Tom Peaked with Silver Peaks\u201d&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-4.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Klong yai yang<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Thai Gifts of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E68 (3947)<\/li>\n<li>46.2 cm height x 44 cm diameter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Drum <em>(Klong Chana)<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of King Chulalongkorn, 1876<\/li>\n<li>Siam Exhibit, Centennial Exposition<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E27257<\/li>\n<li>51 cm height x 47 cm diameter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Kris with aviform hilt&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1ca.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Kris lek lai yang di khru\u2019ang mai kaew pradap duai thong<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A finest Kris made of mixture of steels of different colours, with its case and handle made of kew wood ornamented with gold&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Pamor steel, wood, gemstones, velvet, gold<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E100<\/li>\n<li>44 cm length x 15 cm width at top of scabbard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;\u201cA Siamese spear in bamboo-cane ornamented with gold.%22&#8243; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1cb.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Hok kam mai phai khru\u2019ang khram thong<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Staff (probably Mai phlong) bamboo, gold and enamel<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E3993<\/li>\n<li>91 cm length x 1.5 cm width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Nielloware Betel Set with Tonsure Scissors&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1cc.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Khruang ngoen lai cham lak thom ya dam ka lai thong<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A Siamese hair-cutting scissors diversified and bottomed with gold&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Kan trai khruang tat phom yang thai khram thong<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gifts of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Nielloware (Silver, silver alloy, and gold)<\/li>\n<li>Bowl and stand, Department of Anthropology, cat. nos: E63; Water Pot, USNM no: E65; Tonsure Scissors, USNM no: E66<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;King Mongkut and Queen Debsirindra, 1856&#8243; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1cd.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E4003<\/li>\n<li>Smithsonian Institution<\/li>\n<li>National Anthropological Archives Inventory no: 1735<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Brass gong&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1ce.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Gong and sticks<\/p>\n<p><em>Mong<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gift of Phra Pin Klao, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E94 (3992)<\/li>\n<li>51 cm diameter x 7.6 cm depth<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;A set of drums, one end \u201cmale\u201d, one \u201cfemale\u201d&#8221; image=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1cf.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.9&#8243; header_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#8e794c&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Klong phu; Klong mia kap chi samrap nung<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gifts of King Mongkut, 1856<\/li>\n<li>Harris Treaty Gifts<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E67 (3945), 73 cm height x 34 cm diameter (male), 32 cm (female)<\/li>\n<li>Department of Anthropology, cat. no: E69 (3946) 72 cm height x 35 cm diameter (male), 32 cm (female)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>All of the European monarchs and states had been put on an equal footing with the Thai court, as evidenced by the Royal level of gifts sent to Queen Victoria, and to France. In the past, the Thai court had sent a \u201cGift of Respect\u201d to the United States. But what to do with the President of the United States, an elected official in a democratic country?<\/p>\n<p>This was a great matter for consideration during the negotiations for the Harris Treaty of 1857. King Mongkut had apparently rejected the thought of sending another \u201cGift of Respect.\u201d But what level of gift should be sent at the conclusion of the Treaty negotiations?<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-1.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||40px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px||50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-2.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span>King Mongkut decided that the President of the United States is not quite a monarch, but as the head of state, he should receive a Royal Letter along with the insignia of rank of a very high nobleman, rather than the insignia of a king\u2019s rank. In contrast, gifts to Western Monarchs were the equivalent of the jewel-encrusted possessions of Royal Family members. King Mongkut and his brother, Phra Pin Klao who was simultaneously a reigning Upparat (the Second King), each sent sets of gifts to President Pierce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Phra Pin Klao&#8217;s gift was the more traditional of the two. He sent \u201celegant and costly specimens of Siamese Garments&#8230;, silverware plated with gold&#8230;, 1 Brass Drum, 1\u00a0Brass Gong, and 2 Brass Stands.&#8221; The categories represented here are textiles, nielloware betel set, gongs and offering stands (brass instead of pearl-inlay lacquerware).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-3.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;first-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/img-1c-4.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;left&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|60px||60px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>King Mongkut sent a sword,\u00a0a kris,\u00a0a spear, two pairs of gold and silver spears,\u00a0a tonsure scissors, a pipe and snuff box, a gold snuff box, a cat&#8217;s-eye ring, golden pocket inkstand, a nielloware betel set of five pieces, &#8220;Japanese Vases&#8221; or the pearl inlay lacquerware\u00a0<em>ta lum<\/em>, a Siamese drum,\u00a0a pair of long drums, two pieces of gilt silk cloth, and four Khmer silk cloths.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; module_class=&#8221;custom_row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eff1f3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||50px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|50px|0px|50px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|30px||30px||true&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; module_class=&#8221;second-on-mobile&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;50px|0px|50px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>King Mongkut added two very Western things, a long, chatty letter in English (a great contrast to the formal Thai Royal Letter), and a\u00a0photograph of himself and his Queen.<\/p>\n<p>The major part of this gift is the traditional\u00a0<em>kru\u2019ang yot<\/em>. The personal items added on &#8211; snuff boxes, pipe, ink stand, ring &#8211; are all not traditionally included in these<em>\u00a0kru\u2019ang yot<\/em>\u00a0gifts, though they are of value in everyday Western life of the nineteenth century.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=&#8221;off&#8221; prev_text=&#8221;Previous Gallery&#8221; next_text=&#8221;Next Gallery&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243; title_text_color=&#8221;#42213d&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; disabled=&#8221;on&#8221; title_text_color__hover=&#8221;#c3aa81&#8243; title_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_nav][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Gallery 1<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;3.26.3&#8243;]<style type=\"text\/css\">a.eg-henryharrison-element-1,a.eg-henryharrison-element-2{-webkit-transition:all .4s linear; 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float:left !important; clear:none !important; margin:0px 0px 15px 20px !important; position:relative !important}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.eg-flickrstream-container{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.50)}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.eg-flickrstream-content{background:#222222; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-color:transparent; border-style:none; text-align:left}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.esg-grid .mainul li.eg-flickrstream-wrapper{background:#222222; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; border-color:transparent; border-style:none}<\/style>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.esg-grid .mainul li.eg-flickrstream-wrapper .esg-media-poster{background-size:cover; background-position:center center; background-repeat:no-repeat}<\/style>\n<!-- THE ESSENTIAL GRID 3.1.2.2 POST -->\n\n<article class=\"myportfolio-container esg-grid-wrap-container minimal-light esg-entry-skin-flickrstream source_type_post\" id=\"royal_gifts_G1_EN\" data-alias=\"Royal Gifts G1 EN\">\n\n   <div id=\"esg-grid-5-1\" class=\"esg-grid\" style=\"background: transparent;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px ; 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Roberts Treaty, 1833<\/a><\/div>\n           <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"eg-5-post-id-1556_2558\" data-skin=\"flickrstream\" class=\"filterall filter-gallery-1 eg-flickrstream-wrapper eg-post-id-1556\" data-date=\"1565168480\" data-cobblesw=\"1\" data-cobblesh=\"1\">\n    <div class=\"esg-media-cover-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"esg-entry-media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"esg-entry-media-img\"  src=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/essential-grid\/public\/assets\/images\/300x200transparent.png\" data-lazythumb=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1B-Featured-Image-25x25.jpg\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-lazysrc=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Smithsonian-Gallery-1B-Featured-Image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"esg-entry-cover\" data-clickable=\"on\">\n\n<a class=\"eg-invisiblebutton\" href=\"https:\/\/thesiamsociety.org\/th\/smithsonian_en\/1b-harris-treaty-of-1856\/\" target=\"_self\">1b. 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