The Angkorean Empire lasted from the 9th to the 15th century. During much of this period its influence extended over many areas which now lie within the boundaries of Thailand. The centre of power was located at Angkor which lies in the northwestern region of what is now Cambodia. Khmer culture and art were derived mainly from India, and adapted by the Khmer to suit local preferences. The two major religions of India – Buddhism and Hinduism – flourished and co-existed throughout the entire period.

The Khmer kings were much concerned with the control of water. By building enormous reservoirs and integrated canal and irrigation systems, they were able to control the monsoon floods and obtain two, perhaps three crops of rice annually, thereby sustaining a large and relatively healthy population. Good all-weather roads and bridges maintained communications and control throughout their sphere of influence. The power of the Khmer kings was absolute. They practiced the deva raja cult – the god who is the king of all god, selected by the king – whether Shiva, Vishnu or the Buddha – whose role is to protect and ensure the prosperity and longevity of the kingdom and the king. Nearly all surviving structures are religious and were intended as sanctuaries for the gods, representing the universe in miniature. The layout of each temple was therefore carefully planned according to Buddhist/Hindu cosmology. In order to please the gods, the surfaces were lavishly and exquisitely decorated with carvings which depicted scenes from Hindu and Buddhist mythology.

From the 6th century the Khmer began to expand their influence westward into what is now Thailand, reaching its zenith in the 13th century. During this period many Khmer style temples were built in the Northeast of Thailand. The most important sandstone Khmer style temples in Thailand are located at Prasat Phimai in Nakhon Ratchasima province and Prasat Phnom Rung, Buriram province. A good example of brick sanctuary towers is the nearby Prasat Muang Tam.

On this study trip we will be visiting the above sites plus the mid-11th century Prasat Phnom Wan and the Phimai National Museum with its excellent collection of Khmer artefacts found in the region.